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Types Of Diabetes

Diabetes is not a single disease entity and is presently classified into different types, according to the causative mechanisms.

Type I Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Other specific types of diabetes

These include rare forms of diabetes arising from inherited defects of the beta cells or insulin action. Diseases of pancreas, like inflammation, injury, infection, cancer, stones, removal of pancreas lead to diabetes. Certain drugs or chemicals, for example certain rat poisons, pentamidine used in kala azar, steroids, lead to diabetes. Diseases of other endocrine glands can also lead to diabetes and other rare inherited syndromes are sometimes associated with diabetes.

Gestational diabetes mellitus

In this type, glucose intolerance, of any degree, occurs or is recognized for the first time during pregnancy. This does not exclude the possibility that unrecognised glucose intolerance may be present before pregnancy. Whether only diet modification or insulin is used for treatment or whether the condition persists after pregnancy is immaterial. In the majority of cases, glucose tolerance will return to normal after delivery. Six weeks or more after the delivery, the woman should be reclassified into one of the following categories namely diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or normal. (For detailed discussion of this type see Ch. 17).

Impaired fasting blood glucose and Impaired glucose tolerance

These terms include, intermediate groups of individuals in whom blood glucose levels, although not meeting the criteria for diabetes are nevertheless too high to be considered altogether normal. These categories may represent a stage in the progression from normal to frank diabetes. These categories have been established to avoid the psychological and the socio-economic stigma that may be associated with the diagnosis of diabetes. Further, while significant eye and kidney complications of diabetes are virtually absent in these individuals, many studies have shown increased death rates and heart problems compared to normal individuals. Hence the diagnosis of these categories should not be taken lightly. These individuals can revert to normal by weight reduction and exercise if obesity is present.

When does diabetes begin?

In most persons with type 2 diabetes the disease develops so gradually that it is impossible to pinpoint its onset. On the other hand, in type 1 diabetes, it usually develops rapidly.

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Types Of Diabetes