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Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia

The blood glucose level of a fasting normal person varies between 70 and 110 mg/dl. A normal person or one with diabetes develops characteristic complaints when the blood glucose level falls below a certain limit. Low blood glucose is called hypoglycaemia (hypo - low; glycaemia - blood glucose).

Persons with diabetes are scared of hypoglycaemia. The possibility of hypoglycaemia comes in the way of maintaing a near normal blood glucose level.

What happens in hypoglycaemia?

Glucose is the only source of energy for the nervous system, A low blood glucose level, even for few minutes, therefore, results in an impaired function of the nervous system. The body tries to counter regulate the blood glucose level, by producing catecholamines and other hormones.

Some features of hypoglycaemia like confusion, inability to concentrate, in coordination, change in behaviour, speech difficulty, visual disturbances, numbness around mouth and drowsiness are due to less supply of glucose to brain. Palpitation (awareness of heart beats), trembling, sweating, are due to release of catecholamines, following stimulation of sympathetic nervous system. A child with hypoglycaemia may become unusually quiet or fretful. Features of hypoglycaemia like unsteady gait, slurred speech, abnormal behaviour are so akin to effects of alcohol that they can often be misconstrued.

Waking up in the morning with disturbed bed clothes or lying on the floor, throbbing headaches indicate hypoglycaemia at night. Fatigue or headache occur if hypoglycaemia develops slowly or if it is mild.

Weakness, empty feeling in stomach, inability to concentrate, sweating are early symptoms of hypoglycaemia.

In severe hypoglycaemia, a person becomes unconscious or gets fits. Temporary loss of speech or weakness of one side of the body may also occur in hypoglycaemia.

A prolonged and severe hypoglycaemia can result in irreversible brain damage, especially in the elderly. Deaths due to hypoglycaemia are uncommon but may occur if the person is living alone or is ignorant of its prevention and treatment.

The pattern of symptoms of hypoglycaemia may vary from person to person and even in same person, from time to time. Recurrent severe hypoglycaemia can give rise to cumulative brain damage. Such tragedies are preventable and hence the importance of education of the diabetics and their families.

The level of blood glucose level at which symptoms of hypoglycaemia develop varies from person to person and in the same person from time to time. The faster and the bigger the fall of blood glucose, the higher is the threshold. The threshold is higher in diabetics used to high blood glucose levels.

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Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia