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Diabetes Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is not a single entity but a heterogeneous group of disorders. The term, heterogeneity, implies that there are differences among various groups of diabetic individuals in terms of causative mechanism, evolution, stages of the disease and response to treatment. Diabetes can be classified into different types. A classification is useful to categorize patients from the viewpoint of course, diagnosis and treatment. It also helps in collecting and comparing data for research.

When glucose is fed to a normal person, blood glucose level does rise following its absorption into blood. However, various body mechanisms are brought into force to keep blood glucose levels within normal limits. This is called normal tolerance to glucose or normal glucose tolerance.

When the blood glucose levels rise above certain defined limits after a standard glucose load, the person is said to have diabetes mellitus.

Table 3.1 Diagnostic criteria
(American Diabetes Association Expert Committee 1997)

Venous plasma glucose (mg/dl)

Fasting 2 h after oral glucose load

Normal Impaired fasting

glucose (IFG)

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)

Diabetes mellitus

<   100

> 100
but <   126

< 100

> 126

and

and
but

and/or

< 140

<140

>140
<200

>200

Note :

1.Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.

2.Oral glucose load is 75 g (1.75 g/kg body weight in children to maximum of 75g) dissolved in 300 ml water. The subject should not smoke or exercise during the test.

3.In absence of unequivocal hyperglycaemia with classic symptoms (excess urination, excess thirst, weight loss), these criteria should be confirmed by repeat testing on a different day.

4.Symptoms with a casual plasma glucose > 200 mg/dl warrants subsequent confirmation and diagnosis of diabetes.

Types of Diabetes

DiabetesCarePlan

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Diabetes Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes