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Diabetes Complications: Life Expectancy

Increased general awareness, early diagnosis, careful attention to body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids, avoidance of consumption of tobacco, early detection and treatment of complications can greatly reduce excess mortality and assure the diabetic of a long and full life. Before the introduction of insulin, infections, surgical operations and gangrene were serious hazards for the diabetics. The introduction of insulin and anti-bacterial drugs, a better understanding of physiology and advances in technology have improved considerably the lot of the diabetics. The average duration of diabetes, at death, during the period 1897 to 1914 was about 5 years. It increased to about 18 years during the period 1956-1957. Not only life expectancy but also the quality of life of diabetics has improved in recent years.

Nonetheless, susceptibility to life-spoiling, life-shortening and life-threatening complications remain a very real threat not only for diabetic individuals but indirectly to society as a whole. Diabetes continues to be an important source not only of individual disability and national health costs but a major cause of death. The mortality in type 1 diabetes is due to acute and chronic complications of diabetes and is decreasing. Acute complications, poor access to health care and financial burden, all preventable causes, account for perhaps half the excess deaths in the 25-37 age group.

In type 2 diabetes, at 25 years past diagnosis, survival is about 70-80 per cent of that expected in the general adult population and is due to cardiovascular and renal disease. Survival decreases as age at diagnosis increases.

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Diabetes Complications: Life Expectancy