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What Is Diabetes

The Story of Diabetes

Diabetes Diagnosis

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Symptoms of Diabetes

Testing for Diabetes

Diabetes Urine Testing     Glucose in Urine
    Ketones in Urine

Diabetes Blood Glucose Test
    Glucose Tolerance Test
    Self Monitoring Of Blood Glucose
    Glycated Hemoglobin

Other Diabetes Tests

Diabetes Treatment & Cure

Diabetes Nutrition     Carbohydrates, Fibre & Proteins
    Fats
    Vitamins
    Minerals
    Trace Elements
    Electrolytes

Nutritive Value Of Common Foods

Diabetes Diet

Planning A Diabetes Diet     Calories & Proteins
    Carbohydrates
    Fibre
    Glycaemic Index (Gi)
    Fats & Cholesterol
    Vitamins, Minerals & Water
    Spacing Of Meals & Food Exchanges
    Sweetening Agents
    Fibre
    Diabetic Foods & Beverages
    Alcohol
    Eating Out

Diet In Type 2 Diabetes

Diet In Type 1. Diabetes

Diabetes Food: Cookery

Diabetes & Exercise

Oral Drugs for Diabetes

Oral Drugs for Diabetes

Groups of Oral Drugs for Diabetes

Combinations Of Oral Drugs

Diabetes Insulin

Types of Insulin

Insulin Administration

Insulin Administration: SYRINGE

Insulin Storage Guidelines

Insulin Injection

Insulin Injection Technique

Problems in Insulin Injection

Complications of insulin treatment

SPECIAL INSULIN SYRINGES

INSULIN RESISTANCE

Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia

Causes of Hypoglycaemia

Prevention of Hypoglycaemia

Complications of Diabetes - SHORT TERM COMPLICATIONS

Complications of Diabetes - LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS

Diabetes Complications: Blood vessels And Hypertension

Diabetes Complications: Heart

Diabetes Complications: Blood Lipids And Brain

Diabetes Complications:Peripheral arterial disease

Diabetes Complications:Eyes

Diabetes Complications:Kidneys

Diabetes Complications:Nervous System

Diabetes Complications:Erectile dymsfuntion

Diabetes Complications:Autonomic neuropathy

Diabetes Complications:Joints & Skin

Diabetes Complications:Life Expectancy

Causes of Foot Problems in Diabetes

Prevention & CARE OF THE FEET

Causes of Diabetes in Children

Diet for Children with Diabetes

Care for Diabetic Children

Diabetes in Women

Menses & Fertility

Gestational diabetes mellitus

PREGNANCY In Diabetec Women

Diabetes in the Elderly

Management of Diabetes: Sick day management

Management of Diabetes: Hospitalization

Management of Diabetes: Surgical operations

Personal Problems

TRAVEL AND HOLIDAYS

Looking Ahead

PANCREAS AND ISLET TRANSPLANT

STEM CELL INJECTION & Technological advances

APPENDIX-1

APPENDIX-2

APPENDIX-3

APPENDIX-4

APPENDIX-5

APPENDIX-6

APPENDIX-7

APPENDIX-8

APPENDIX-9

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Diabetes Complications: Joints & Skin

Joints

Collagen is a protein which is present in tendons. Just as glucose gets attached to haemoglobin, (sec Ch. 4) a protein, it can get attached to collagen also, changing the properties of the latter. This can give rise to inability to press completely one palm against the other, diminished joint mobility, stiffness of fingers, contractures of the fingers, hammer toe deformity and frozen shoulder.

Skin

Small, pigmented, painless spots may appear on the shins, in long-standing diabetes. Painless large areas, with slightly raised edges, may appear on the front part of the legs. These are red initially and turn yellow later. These areas remain for many years and may get infected rarely. These are due to the involvement of minute blood vessels of the skin. Blistering of the skin may occur in diabetes. Yellow nails are often seen in diabetics.

Skin problems in a diabetic may be due to adverse reactions to drugs taken for diabetes. Tablets of the Sulphonylurea group can give rise to a rash and itching. Insulin also can produce an allergic rash and at times give rise to lumps or shrinking of fat under the skin.