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Planning A Diabetes Diet - Alcohol

Ethyl alcohol supplies 7 kcals/gram. It has no nutritional value, is not stored in the body and cannot be substituted for any food. The alcohol content of hard drinks varies from about 2 per cent in beers, to about 30 per cent in spirits like whisky, gin, brandy and rum. The alcohol percentage of wines is between these two categories, about 10 per cent. Beers, wines and toddy contain carbohydrates in varying proportions besides alcohol (Appendix No. 7). The caloric value of alcoholic beverages depends on its alcohol and carbohydrate content. One ounce (30 ml) of whisky and beer provide 85 and 14 kcals respectively. One may easily consume 300-500 kcals in the form of cocktails. Snacks taken along with the alcoholic drinks contribute calories in no small measure. A person on a reducing diet should avoid alcoholic drinks.

Alcohol impairs the production of glucose by the liver. It can, therefore, give rise to hypoglycaemia, which may occur many hours after consuming alcohol. Confusion, trembling and slurred speech can occur in hypoglycaemia as well as in alcohol intoxication. Hence, hypoglycaemia in a diabetic who has consumed alochol, may be wrongly attributed to alcoholic intoxication and proper treatment may be delayed. Alcohol may mask signs of hypoglycaemia. Diabetics, especially those taking insulin or oral drugs, should not drive a vehicle after taking alcohol.

Alcohol goes promptly from the stomach to the liver. It is advisable to eat some food while drinking because food in the stomach slows the absorption of alcohol. A diabetic should not alter the insulin dose or meal plan to accommodate the alcohol intake.

Alcohol may interfere with glycated haemoglobin assays.

A diabetic taking chlorpropamide and tolbutamide may develop flushing of face, throbbing headache and dizzines, on consuming alcohol.

Heavy alcohol intake is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes. Alcohol abuse can damage the pancreas, which in turn can cause or aggravate diabetes. Obesity can occur in early stages of heavy drinking. Alcohol increases serum triglycerides, which are also often elevated in diabetes. Alcohol abuse may give rise to high blood pressure, vascular and retinal disease, damage to peripheral nerves and erectile dysfunction which are complications of diabetes too. Alcohol has strong tendency to produce habit and addiction. Heavy drinking is associated with premature death and increased mortality.

Mild to moderate drinking has some protective effect on coronary artery disease. A diabetic who is used to drinks, who does not have any adverse effect of alcohol, may have a glass or two of wine, with his dinner. A person with diabetes should exercise caution about his/her alcohol intake.

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Planning A Diabetes Diet - Alcohol