Left Side
What Is Diabetes
The Story of Diabetes
Diabetes Diagnosis
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Symptoms of Diabetes
Testing for Diabetes
Diabetes Urine Testing
Glucose in Urine
Ketones in Urine
Diabetes Blood Glucose Test
Glucose Tolerance Test
Self Monitoring Of Blood Glucose
Glycated Hemoglobin
Other Diabetes Tests
Diabetes Treatment & Cure
Diabetes Nutrition
Carbohydrates, Fibre & Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Trace Elements
Electrolytes
Nutritive Value Of Common Foods
Diabetes Diet
Planning A Diabetes Diet
Calories & Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fibre
Glycaemic Index (Gi)
Fats & Cholesterol
Vitamins, Minerals & Water
Spacing Of Meals & Food Exchanges
Sweetening Agents
Fibre
Diabetic Foods & Beverages
Alcohol
Eating Out
Diet In Type 2 Diabetes
Diet In Type 1. Diabetes
Diabetes Food: Cookery
Diabetes & Exercise
Oral Drugs for Diabetes
Oral Drugs for Diabetes
Groups of Oral Drugs for Diabetes
Combinations Of Oral Drugs
Diabetes Insulin
Types of Insulin
Insulin Administration
Insulin Administration: SYRINGE
Insulin Storage Guidelines
Insulin Injection
Insulin Injection Technique
Problems in Insulin Injection
Complications of insulin treatment
SPECIAL INSULIN SYRINGES
INSULIN RESISTANCE
Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia
Causes of Hypoglycaemia
Prevention of Hypoglycaemia
Complications of Diabetes - SHORT TERM COMPLICATIONS
Complications of Diabetes - LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS
Diabetes Complications: Blood vessels And Hypertension
Diabetes Complications: Heart
Diabetes Complications: Blood Lipids And Brain
Diabetes Complications:Peripheral arterial disease
Diabetes Complications:Eyes
Diabetes Complications:Kidneys
Diabetes Complications:Nervous System
Diabetes Complications:Erectile dymsfuntion
Diabetes Complications:Autonomic neuropathy
Diabetes Complications:Joints & Skin
Diabetes Complications:Life Expectancy
Causes of Foot Problems in Diabetes
Prevention & CARE OF THE FEET
Causes of Diabetes in Children
Diet for Children with Diabetes
Care for Diabetic Children
Diabetes in Women
Menses & Fertility
Gestational diabetes mellitus
PREGNANCY In Diabetec Women
Diabetes in the Elderly
Management of Diabetes: Sick day management
Management of Diabetes: Hospitalization
Management of Diabetes: Surgical operations
Personal Problems
TRAVEL AND HOLIDAYS
Looking Ahead
PANCREAS AND ISLET TRANSPLANT
STEM CELL INJECTION & Technological advances
APPENDIX-1
APPENDIX-2
APPENDIX-3
APPENDIX-4
APPENDIX-5
APPENDIX-6
APPENDIX-7
APPENDIX-8
APPENDIX-9
Left Side
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STEM CELL INJECTION & Technological advances
STEM CELL INJECTION
Stem cells are versatile cells that have the ability to grow into any kind of tissue -skin, heart, liver, pancreas. Blood retrieved from the umbilical cord that is discarded along with the placenta at the time of birth is purified. This purified blood is a rich source of stem cells. Stem cells can also be derived from the bone marrow. The potential of stem cell injection in treatment of diabetes and several other disorders is immense.
Long-term Complications of Diabetes
The nerves in diabetics contain more sorbitol, which comes from excess glucose in the blood. The accumulated sorbitol impairs nerve function. Drugs that inhibit the conversion of glucose to sorbitol are being developed.
Glucose molecules can get attached to protein molecules, a well-known example being glycated hemoglobin, that is discussed in Chapter 4. Besides haemoglobin, glucose can get attached to proteins in different parts of the body. The resultant glucose-protein complex can accumulate and damage blood vessels, kidneys and so on. The role of these glucose-protein complexes in the production of long-term complications of diabetes is receiving attention at present.
Technological advances
Development of strips to measure urine and blood glucose, ketones, proteins, cholesterol; glucometers with a wide range of functions; insulin pumps; photography of the retina; laser treatment for retinal complications would not have been possible without advances in physics, electronics and technology. Methods to measure blood glucose without drawing blood are under evaluation. Noninvasive techniques (without inserting needles or tubes in the body) to study the function of heart, blood vessels and kidneys have been developed in the last couple of decades.
Prevention of type 1 Diabetes
Genetically predisposed individuals produce antibodies to pancreatic islet cells, possibly after exposure to some trigger, say a virus, leading to destruction of pancreatic islets and type 1 diabetes. Vaccines against possible triggering viruses which could prevent type 1 diabetes are being developed. Drugs which could suppress the formation of antibodies and limit pancreatic islet damage are also under study.
It is sincerely hoped that the vision of research workers in the field of diabetes will be translated into reality in the years to come.